Electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) are highly efficient air pollution control devices used to remove fine particles, such as dust and smoke, from industrial exhaust gases. They operate by applying an electrostatic charge to the particles, causing them to become electrically charged. The charged particles are then attracted to oppositely charged plates or electrodes within the precipitator, where they accumulate and are periodically removed. ESPs are widely used in industries such as power plants, steel mills, and cement plants to meet emission standards and improve air quality. They offer high collection efficiencies and can handle large gas volumes, making them essential components in pollution control systems.